Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce a
a. | mixture called a suspension. | b. | mixture called a solution. | c. | solution and
suspension. | d. | mixture only. |
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2.
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Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon. It has 6 protons, 6 neutrons,
and 6 electrons. Of its 6 electrons, 4 are valence electrons. How many covalent bonds can a carbon
atom form?
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3.
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What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
a. | neutral | b. | positive | c. | negative | d. | radioactive |
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4.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
a. | growth and development | b. | ability to move | c. | response to the
environment | d. | ability to reproduce |
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5.
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Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?
a. | Enzymes work best at a specified pH. | b. | All enzymes have the same shape as their
substrates. | c. | Enzymes are proteins. | d. | The shape of an
enzyme allows it to do its job. |
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6.
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The standard or English system of measurement uses units such as yards, miles,
quarts, and gallons. The metric system uses units such as meters, kilometers, milliliters, and
liters. Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?
a. | Metric units are easier to measure than English units. | b. | The metric system is
based on multiples of 10. | c. | The metric system is used by everyone in the
world. | d. | Metric units are smaller than English units. |
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7.
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What are the smallest objects that biologists study?
a. | cells | b. | body organs | c. | molecules | d. | organisms |
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8.
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Subatomic particles are
a. | particles that are smaller than an atom. | b. | made up of a single
atom. | c. | particles found beneath atoms. | d. | composed of several
atoms. |
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9.
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of science?
a. | to investigate and understand the natural world | b. | to explain events in
the natural world | c. | to establish a collection of unchanging
truths | d. | to use derived explanations to make useful
predictions |
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10.
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A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various
states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these
figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of
a. | 4.22. | b. | 4.30. | c. | 4.35. | d. | 4.40. |
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11.
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Which of the following is NOT true about chlorine?
a. | It is a poisonous, greenish gas. | b. | It combines with sodium to form table
salt. | c. | It was used in battles in World War I. | d. | It is not
reactive. |
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 Figure
1–1
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12.
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Figure 1–1 illustrates which characteristic of living things?
a. | Living things grow and develop | b. | Living things are made up of
cells. | c. | Living things need material and energy. | d. | Living things
reproduce. |
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13.
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Scientists often try to repeat each other’s results. Which of the
following should a scientist do to make it easier for others to replicate his or her
experiment?
a. | Not use a control to save time. | b. | Collect only one set of
data. | c. | Skip peer-review so the results are available sooner. | d. | Use the metric
system when communicating procedures and results. |
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14.
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How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance
science?
a. | Peer-reviewed articles are published only when the ideas they contain have been
accepted by most scientists. | b. | Experiments in peer-reviewed articles do not
need to be repeated. | c. | Scientists reading the articles may come up
with new questions to study. | d. | Ideas in the articles always support and
strengthen dominant theories. |
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15.
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Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a. | Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions. | b. | All catalysts are
enzymes. | c. | Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction. | d. | Catalysts lower the
activation energy of a chemical reaction. |
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16.
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A scientist discovers an important breakthrough in cancer treatment. The
scientist thinks the information could save thousands of lives and immediately announces the results
on national television, skipping peer review. How might other scientists react to this news?
a. | They will be skeptical because the report was not peer-reviewed. | b. | They will quickly
start to use the new treatment on their patients. | c. | They will congratulate the scientist for the
discovery. | d. | They will denounce the work and call the scientist a
fraud. |
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17.
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How many meters are in 2.4 km?
a. | 240 | b. | 2,400 | c. | 24,000 | d. | 240,000 |
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18.
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Which of the following is NOT a monomer?
a. | a glucose molecule | b. | an amino acid | c. | a
nucleotide | d. | a protein |
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19.
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Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. | one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen | b. | one atom of sodium
and one atom of chlorine | c. | one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of
oxygen | d. | two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen |
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20.
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What are found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom?
a. | protons | b. | electrons | c. | neutrons | d. | ions |
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21.
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How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
a. | Theories are the same as hypotheses. | b. | Theories unify a broad range of observations
and hypotheses. | c. | Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain
events. | d. | Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists. |
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22.
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When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is
a. | a product. | b. | a reactant. | c. | an
enzyme. | d. | a catalyst. |
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23.
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Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. These
differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to
a. | reproduce. | b. | perform different
functions. | c. | respond to their environment. | d. | be less
complex. |
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24.
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The energy needed to get a reaction started is the
a. | adhesion energy. | b. | activation energy. | c. | cohesion
energy. | d. | chemical energy. |
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25.
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Scientists will never know for sure why dinosaurs became extinct. Therefore,
scientists should
a. | stop studying dinosaurs and study only living animals. | b. | work to raise live
dinosaurs to study. | c. | continue to learn as much as they can about
dinosaur extinction. | d. | accept the current theory about dinosaur
extinction as the best possible theory. |
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26.
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Which statement is true about macromolecules?
a. | Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides. | b. | Glycerol is made of
fatty acids. | c. | Proteins are made of amino acids. | d. | Nucleotides are made of nucleic acids.
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27.
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Water molecules are polar, with the
a. | oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly
negative. | b. | oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive. | c. | oxygen and hydrogen
sides being slightly negative. | d. | oxygen side being slightly negative and the
hydrogen side being slightly positive. |
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28.
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Based on your observations, you suggest that the presence of water could
accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is
a. | a conclusion. | b. | a hypothesis. | c. | an
experiment. | d. | an analysis. |
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29.
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Amino acid is to protein as
a. | fat is to lipid. | b. | DNA is to RNA. | c. | sugar is to
fat. | d. | simple sugar is to starch. |
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30.
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Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is
called
a. | inferences. | b. | variables. | c. | hypotheses. | d. | data. |
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31.
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During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
a. | a conclusion. | b. | a mass of information. | c. | a control
group. | d. | a single variable. |
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32.
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Which term does NOT apply to sodium chloride?
a. | molecule | b. | ionic bonding | c. | compound | d. | crystal |
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33.
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Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because
science relies on
a. | facts. | b. | testing explanations. | c. | observations. | d. | theories. |
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Figure
1–2
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34.
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Figure 1–2 shows that tree finches and ground finches are descended from a
common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology?
a. | interdependence in nature | b. | growth, development, and
reproduction | c. | homeostasis | d. | evolution |
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35.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
a. | store and transmit genetic information | b. | help to fight disease | c. | control the rate of
reactions | d. | move substances into or out of cells |
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36.
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Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make
predictions in numerous new situations, but cannot explain one particular event. This idea is
a
a. | hypothesis that is incorrect. | b. | hypothesis that must be
retested. | c. | theory that should be discarded. | d. | theory that may need
revision. |
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37.
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Suppose that a scientist proposes a hypothesis about how a newly discovered
virus affects humans. Other virus researchers would likely
a. | reject the hypothesis right away. | b. | change the hypothesis to fit their own
findings. | c. | design new experiments to test the proposed hypothesis. | d. | assume that the
hypothesis is true for all viruses. |
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 Figure
2–2
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38.
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What kinds of atoms are bonded to carbon atoms in the molecule shown in Figure
2–2?
a. | helium, oxygen, and nitrogen | b. | calcium, hydrogen, and
oxygen | c. | hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen | d. | helium, carbon, and
sodium |
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39.
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Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some
North American birds fly south for the winter?
a. | Living things respond to their environment. | b. | Living things
maintain internal balance. | c. | Living things are made up of units called
cells. | d. | Living things are based on a universal genetic code. |
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40.
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Which of the following statements about a compound is true?
a. | The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from
those of the elements from which it is formed. | b. | Only the physical properties of a compound are
usually the same as those of the elements from which it is formed. | c. | Only the chemical
properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is
formed. | d. | The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of
the elements from which it is formed. |
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41.
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When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
a. | reactant. | b. | solution. | c. | solute. | d. | solvent. |
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 Figure
2–1
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42.
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Which property of water causes the curved surface shown in Figure
2–1?
a. | pH | b. | cohesion | c. | adhesion | d. | heat capacity |
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43.
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How does society help science advance?
a. | Society’s biases steer scientists toward studying certain
ideas. | b. | Society produces technology that can be used in science. | c. | Society’s
morals help scientists make good decisions. | d. | Society raises questions that science can help
answer. |
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44.
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Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science?
a. | What is beauty? | b. | Is it ethical to do experiments on
animals? | c. | How does DNA influence a person’s health? | d. | Do people watch too
much television? |
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45.
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A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. | transferring electrons. | b. | sharing electrons. | c. | transferring
protons. | d. | sharing protons. |
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